The Tamil New Year follows the nirayanam system and generally falls on 14 April of the Gregorian year. There were subsequent inscriptional references in Pagan, Burma dated to the 11th century CE and in Sukhothai, Thailand dated to the 14th century CE to South Indian, often Vaishnavite, courtiers who were tasked with defining the traditional calendar that began in mid-April. The Manimekalai alludes to this very same Hindu solar calendar as we know it today Adiyarkunalaar, an early medieval commentator or Urai-asiriyar mentions the twelve months of the Tamil calendar with particular reference to Chitterai i.e. The 5th century Silappadikaaram mentions the 12 Raasis or zodiac signs that correspond to the Tamil months starting with Mesha/Chitterai in mid-April. mid-April marks the start of the Ilavenil season or Summer. The Tolkaapiyam is the oldest surviving Tamil grammar text that divides the year into six seasons where Chitterai i.e. mid-April as the commencement of the year in the Puṟanāṉūṟu. Kūdalūr Kizhaar in the third century CE refers to Mesha Raasi/Chitterai i.e. Nakkirar, Sangam period author of the Neṭunalvāṭai, wrote in the third century CE that the Sun travels each year from Mesha/Chitterai in mid-April through 11 successive signs of the zodiac. There are several references in early Tamil literature to the new year. Vikrama and Shalivahana Saka eras are also used. In the Gregorian Year 2022 the Tamil year starts on 14 April 2022, Kaliyuga 5124. This is related to 5 revolutions of Jupiter around the Sun and to 60-year orbit of Nakshatras (stars) as mentioned in Surya Siddhanta. The calendar follows a 60-year cycle which is also very ancient and is observed by most traditional calendars of India and China. The Tamil calendar is based on the classical Hindu solar calendar also used in Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, Manipur, Nepal, Odisha, Rajasthan and Punjab It is used today for cultural, religious and agricultural events, with the Gregorian calendar largely used for official purposes both within and outside India. Tamil Nadu farmers greatly refer to this. It is also used in Puducherry, and by the Tamil population in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, and Mauritius. The Tamil calendar is a sidereal Hindu calendar used by the Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent.
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